The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.Īnother possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder. In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B.C. The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. A skilled abacus operator can work on addition and subtraction problems at the speed of a person equipped with a hand calculator (multiplication and division are slower). Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the calculation.

The Chinese Abacus was an early aid for mathematical computations. Historical and Modern Photos of people and locations showing an Abacus. (not to be confused by the mechanical Addding Machine of the same name) This city is known as the product area of Soroban (abacus, counting frame for performing arithmetic processes).

Unshudo Company, Japan hall abacus state cloud.

Banshu Abacus Japan Traditional Crafts Aoyama Square.

Naito abacus, Mail-order house of abacusOno City.

'Introduction', The Abacus, the Art of Calculating with Beads Fernandes, Luis.

Advanced Abacus Techniquesby Totton Heffelfinger.

The Soroban/Abacus Handbook by David Bernazzani (pdf).

Other references, images and texts are provided Wickipedia and other sources. Totten Heffelfinger's website out of Toronto, Canada. One of the best references for the history and use of Abaci is Specimens for this gallery, currently under construction, are being acquired through selective purchases and donations byįriends of the Museum. Michael Konshak, ISRM Curator.Ībacus is a Latin word meaning sand tray, that has its origins in the Greek words abax or abakon (meaning 'table' or 'tablet') which in turn, possibly originated from the Semitic word abq, meaning 'sand' I hope you enjoy sharing the journey with me! As I do with the other galleries, I wish to get donations of abacus from users from different countries so that we can place a name and history with them. I hope to learn more about this as together, we build this gallery. What I did not stop to realize was that the abacus industry also was displaced by the basic electronic four-function calculator, creating significant changes in that part of Japanese manufacturing. Within 5 years, the slide rule industry was out of business.

If you are a regular visitor to ISRM you will have noticed the other new gallery on 'slide rule calculators' which was inspired by the 40th anniversary of the introduction of the HP-35 electronic slide rule, or scientific calculator. The modern era (Showa) sorobans are approximately the same size as slide rules making them very portable, even for the pocket. I was also surprised, when I started receiving these, at how small most are. I now understand the significance of the dots on the bridge of sorobans. (I am sorry I cannot do multiplication nor division by using soroban, but only addition and substraction) Sometimes they use the left part of soroban to store the result tentatively.'. The reason why there are so many digits up to 27 is that, when the calculation of multiplication and division is carried out, the right part and the left part of soroban are used separately. 'In Japan sorobans are still being manufactured for education. A good friend of mine, Jiro Higuchi in Japan, explained: After all, the United States national debt is in the trillions which is 10 12 and only needs 14 digits, counting two decimal points, to display. I would never have believed that one could do square roots on them, along with multiplication and division, even though most people used them purely for addition and subtraction.Īs I acquired artifacts for the gallery, I was puzzled with many Japanese sorobans had upwards of 21 digits, or columns of beads. I have become a great fan of 'bead math' or 'counting beads' and am just learning the intracacies of their use (and usefulness). This was mostly because of lack of time and resources, but as I have come to learn about, and appreciate, the manufacturing art and long history of abaci in various cultures. As the ISRM curator, I have focused on logarithmic based calculating devices, also fondly known as slide rules, over the past 10 years, and have basically ignored other historic 'mechanical' calculators and methods. This is one of the newest galleries at ISRM, and was inspired by a donation of abaci from a couple of donors. Abaci Gallery Abacus, Suan Pan, Tschu Pan, Schoty, Soroban

20 x 25 x 5 cm wooden abacus